brain dump ? とはどういう意味ですか?

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Brain dump means “knowledge transfer/transfer of a lot of information from someone’s brain/mind to another person or onto paper. For example (education context):
When someone’s preparing for an exam, that person might “brain dump” by writing out as much information as they can remember about something they've studied. As the saying goes “Dump your brain to free your mind”.

Another example: Mary brain dump everything to her VP before the corporate meeting. It just means she hurriedly shared all the knowledge and information she knows that are essential to the meeting.