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Mintran
20 Nov 2018

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Question about Korean

What is the difference between ์ด ์— ์š”/ ์˜ˆ์š” and ใ…ก ใ…‚/ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค.
Could you please explain how to use 2 particles above?. As I know, "ใ…กใ…‚/ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค" is used in a sentence with more formal than "์ด ์— ์š”/ ์˜ˆ ์š”".
๊ณ  ๋ง™ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ?Feel free to just provide example sentences.

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Deleted user
20 Nov 2018

@Mintran The ending -ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค is a polite and formal form of the copula verb,-(์ด)๋‹ค(=to be), and usually used in official documents, news or when meeting someone for the first time. Technically we call it "ํ•ฉ์‡ผ์ฒด style" For example) 1) Noun(ending with the final consonant) + ์ด๋‹ค I am Korean: ๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด๋‹ค = ์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ('์ธ' in "ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ" has the final consonant, 'ใ„ด') 2) Noun(ending without the final consonant) + ๋‹ค This is coffee: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ๋‹ค = ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ('ํ”ผ' in "์ปคํ”ผ" doesn't have the final consonant, it just ends with a vowel, 'ใ…ฃ') Here are some other speech styles) I am Korean: ๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด๋‹ค(formal, not polite or impolite) ์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(formal, polite) ์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด์—์š”(informal, polite, commonly used in spoken) ๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด์•ผ(informal, not polite, between close friends) This is coffee: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์˜ˆ์š”, not ์ด์—์š” (because ํ”ผ doesn't have the final consonant or ์˜ˆ์š” is finished by vowel ใ…ฃ from ํ”ผ) ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์•ผ, not ์ด์•ผ(because ํ”ผ doesn't have the final consonant, same with ์˜ˆ์š”) ์˜ˆ์š” = ์ด์—์š” (Same things.) ์˜ˆ์š” abbreviated the word "์ด์—์š”" ์ด์—์š” is finished consonant ใ„น from ๋ฌผ, ใ…‡ from ๋ฐฉ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด์—์š” this is water ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด์—์š” this is backpack ์˜ˆ์š” is finished by vowel ใ…— from ๋„, ใ…œ from ์ฃผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋„์˜ˆ์š” this is a grape ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์˜ˆ์š” this is a beer ์ด์—์š”: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์˜ ์˜ท์ด์—์š” This is my clothes. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํฌ์ฒ ์ด์—์š” He is Heecheol ์˜ˆ์š”: ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜์˜ˆ์š” He is Minsoo ์ผ€๋นˆ์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š” Kevin is my friend The actual pronunciation of ์˜ˆ์š” is (more) like "์—์š”". Writing should be : *์˜ˆ์š”* ์š” is informal. But ์š” is still polite. (low formality / high politeness) (์ž…)๋‹ˆ๋‹ค is polite(more formal) (high formality / high politeness)

@Mintran The ending -ใ…‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค is a polite and formal form of the copula verb,-(์ด)๋‹ค(=to be), and usually used in official documents, news or when meeting someone for the first time. Technically we call it "ํ•ฉ์‡ผ์ฒด style"

For example)
1) Noun(ending with the final consonant) + ์ด๋‹ค
I am Korean:
๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด๋‹ค = ์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
('์ธ' in "ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ" has the final consonant, 'ใ„ด')

2) Noun(ending without the final consonant) + ๋‹ค
This is coffee:
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ๋‹ค = ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
('ํ”ผ' in "์ปคํ”ผ" doesn't have the final consonant, it just ends with a vowel, 'ใ…ฃ')

Here are some other speech styles)
I am Korean:
๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด๋‹ค(formal, not polite or impolite)
์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(formal, polite)
์ „ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด์—์š”(informal, polite, commonly used in spoken)
๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ + ์ด์•ผ(informal, not polite, between close friends)

This is coffee:
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ๋‹ค
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์˜ˆ์š”, not ์ด์—์š” (because ํ”ผ doesn't have the final consonant or ์˜ˆ์š” is finished by vowel ใ…ฃ from ํ”ผ)
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปคํ”ผ + ์•ผ, not ์ด์•ผ(because ํ”ผ doesn't have the final consonant, same with ์˜ˆ์š”)

์˜ˆ์š” = ์ด์—์š” (Same things.)
์˜ˆ์š” abbreviated the word "์ด์—์š”"

์ด์—์š” is finished consonant ใ„น from ๋ฌผ, ใ…‡ from ๋ฐฉ
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด์—์š” this is water ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด์—์š” this is backpack

์˜ˆ์š” is finished by vowel ใ…— from ๋„, ใ…œ from ์ฃผ
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋„์˜ˆ์š” this is a grape ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ์˜ˆ์š” this is a beer

์ด์—์š”: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์˜ ์˜ท์ด์—์š” This is my clothes. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํฌ์ฒ ์ด์—์š” He is Heecheol

์˜ˆ์š”: ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜์˜ˆ์š” He is Minsoo ์ผ€๋นˆ์€ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ˆ์š” Kevin is my friend

The actual pronunciation of ์˜ˆ์š” is (more) like "์—์š”".

Writing should be : *์˜ˆ์š”*

์š” is informal.
But ์š” is still polite.
(low formality / high politeness)

(์ž…)๋‹ˆ๋‹ค is polite(more formal)
(high formality / high politeness)

Deleted user
20 Nov 2018

Do NOT add spacing between words, please!!!


๊ณ  ๋ง™ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค -> *๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค*

Mintran
20 Nov 2018

  • English (US) Near fluent
@sthdwtheg I noted this. Thank you for your correction.
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What is the difference between ์ด ์— ์š”/ ์˜ˆ์š” and ใ…ก ใ…‚/ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. Could you please explain how to use 2 particles above?. As I know, "ใ…กใ…‚/ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค" is used in a sentence with more formal than "์ด ์— ์š”/ ์˜ˆ ์š”". ๊ณ  ๋ง™ ์Šต ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ?
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