What's the difference in 이다, 이에요, 에요 ?

See a translation

The ending -ㅂ니다 is a polite and formal form of the copula verb,-(이)다(=to be), and usually used in official documents, news or when meeting someone for the first time. Technically we call it "합쇼체 style"

For example)
1) Noun(ending with the final consonant) + 이다
I am Korean:
난 한국인 + 이다 = 전 한국인 + 입니다.
('인' in "한국인" has the final consonant, 'ㄴ')

2) Noun(ending without the final consonant) + 다
This is coffee:
이것은 커피 + 다 = 이것은 커피 + 입니다
('피' in "커피" doesn't have the final consonant, it just ends with a vowel, 'ㅣ')

Here are some other speech styles)
I am Korean:
난 한국인 + 이다(formal, not polite or impolite)
전 한국인 + 입니다(formal, polite)
전 한국인 + 이에요(informal, polite, commonly used in spoken)
난 한국인 + 이야(informal, not polite, between close friends)

This is coffee:
이것은 커피 + 다
이것은 커피 + 입니다
이것은 커피 + 예요, not 이에요 (because 피 doesn't have the final consonant)
이것은 커피 + 야, not 이야(because 피 doesn't have the final consonant, same with 예요)

예요 = 이에요 (Same things.)
예요 abbreviated the word "이에요"
이에요 is ending in a consonant(Batchim) or if there is final consonant
이것은 물이에요 this is water 이것은 가방이에요 this is backpack
From 물 & 방,
ㄹ & ㅇ are consonants so it uses 이에요 (if it has a consonant)
예요 is ending in a vowel(No batchim) or if there is no final consonant
이것은 포도예요 this is a grape 이것은 맥주예요 this is a beer
From 도 & 주,
ㅗ & ㅜ are vowels so it uses 예요 (if it has a vowel)

이에요: 이것은 저의 옷이에요 This is my clothes. 그는 희철이에요 He is Heecheol

예요: 그는 민수예요 He is Minsoo 케빈은 제 친구예요 Kevin is my friend

The actual pronunciation of 예요 is (more) like 에요.

Writing should be : *예요*


요 is informal.
But 요 is still polite.
(low formality / high politeness)

(입)니다 is polite(more formal)
(high formality / high politeness)

이야, 야 is informal or casual
(low formality / low politeness)